For most immigrants who seek to live and work permanently in the United States, a green card — formally known as a Permanent Resident Card (PRC) — is a vital step. The process of getting a green card can be complicated, with different steps and requirements depending on the category that you are applying under and you may require some legal help. The purpose of this guide is to give prospective applicants an easily understood and thorough view of the green card process.
The Various Green Card Categories
To get started with the green card process, you need to know what the categories are. Family-based immigration, employment-based immigration, and the Diversity Visa Lottery are some of the most traditional ways to get rid of a green card. There are different eligibility criteria and application procedures, depending on categories.
Family-Sponsored Green Cards
Close family members of legal permanent residents and citizens of the United States may apply for family-sponsored green cards. Spouses, single children under 21, and parents of U.S. citizens are considered immediate relations and enjoy a simpler application process with no yearly number limitations. However, there are yearly limitations and lengthier waiting periods for family preference categories, which include adult children, siblings, and spouses of U.S. citizens and green card holders who are not married.
Employment-Based Green Cards
There are 5 preference categories for employment-based green cards.
Diversity Visa Lottery
The green card lottery — also known as the Diversity Visa Lottery — grants a small amount of visas every year to people in countries with low immigration rates to the U.S. The visa is awarded by random selection and those picked must meet certain qualifications.
The Application Process
Here, we are going to see the main steps in the application for a green card:
1. Determine Eligibility
Specific requirements must be met on each point for the categories.
2. File the Petition
Usually, a sponsor (such as a family member or an employer) needs to file a petition on your behalf. The relative in the U.S. must file Form I-130 (Petition for Alien Relative) on behalf of family-sponsored applicants and the employer must file Form I-140 (Immigrant Petition for Alien Worker) on behalf of employment-based applicants. Some categories, like those with extraordinary ability or investors, can self-petition.
3. Wait for the Priority Date
After your petition is filed, you get a priority date which sets the line number for your green card. Some categories have longer waiting times based on annual quotas, and is important to follow the Visa Bulletin published by the U.S. Department of State to know when your priority date becomes current to proceed with applying.
4. Attend Biometrics Appointment
Once you file your Form I-485, you will be scheduled for a biometrics appointment during which you will have your fingerprints taken, and photographed, and provide signature proof needed for background checks.
5. Attend the Interview
Usually, you will need to go for an in-person interview with a U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) officer. You will be interviewed to elucidate the points in your application and background.
6. Receive Decision
USCIS reaches a timely decision on your application following the interview. If approved, you will get your green card via mail. If you are denied, you will get a letter describing why the denial happened and what can be done to appeal or apply again.
Although the green card process is complex, it is an essential method to secure permanent residency in the United States. Knowing the categories and steps involved, this understanding will facilitate your way through all those stages and not only increase your chances of a successful application but also save a lot of time. Preparation and detail are key if you are applying through family sponsorship, employment, or the Diversity Visa Lottery. When in doubt, always consult with a professional and keep up to date with current immigration policies and practices so you can confidently navigate the green card process.
